1 BL: IOR = British Library: India Office Records: G/12/33, G/12/35, G/12/50, G/12/51, G/12/53–54, G/12/56, R/10/3, R/10/9, L/MAR/B/237D, L/MAR/B/560C, L/MAR/B/573B, L/MAR/B/609B, L/MAR/B/629D

2 Bulley, Anne. The Bombay Country Ships 1790–1833. Richmond: Curzon, 2000.

3 Chen, Bojian 陳柏堅 and Huang, Qichen 黃啟臣. Guangzhou waimao shi 廣州外貿史 [The History of Guangzhou's Foreign Trade]. 3 vols. Guangzhou: Guangzhou chubanshe, 1995.

4 Chen, Kaijun 陳愷俊. “Yi wei jishu guanliao de ziwo xiyang: du tao guan tang ying de wenhua chuangzuo he jiyi xide” 一位技術官僚的自我修養—督陶官唐英的文化創作 和技藝習得 [The Self-cultivation of Technocrats: Tang Ying's (1682–1756) Cultural Production and Skill Acquisition]. Gugong wenwu yuekan 故宮文物月刊 364 (2013), 92–102.

5 Chen, Kaijun 陳愷俊. “The Rise of Technocratic Culture in High-Qing China: A Case Study of Bondservant Tang Ying”. PhD diss., Columbia University, forthcoming.

6 Ch'en, Kuo-tung [Chen, Guodong] 陳國棟. “Qingdai qianqi de Yue haiguan, 1683–1842” 清代前期的粵海關, 1683–1842 [The Guangdong Maritime Customs of early Qing dynasty, 1683–1842]. MA thesis, National Taiwan University, 1979.

7 Ch'en, Kuo-tung [Chen, Guodong] 陳愷俊. The Insolvency of the Chinese Hong Merchants, 1760–1843. 2 vols. Taipei: Academia Sinica, 1990.

8 Ch'en, Kuo-tung [Chen, Guodong] 陳愷俊. Qingdai qianqi de Yue haiguan yu Shisan Hang 清代前期的粵海關與十三行 [The Guangdong Maritime Customs and the Thirteen Hongs in the Early Qing]. Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin, 2014.

9 Cheong, Weng Eang. Hong Merchants of Canton: Chinese Merchants in Sino-Western Trade, 1684–1798. Copenhagen: NIAS-Curzon, 1997.

10 Dermigny, Louis. La Chine et l'Occident: Le Commerce a Canton au XVIII Siècle, 1719–1833. 3 vols. and Album. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N., 1964.

11 Do Vale, António M. Martins. Os Portugueses em Macau (1750–1800). Macao: Instituto Português do Oriente, 1997.

12 Downs, Jacques M. The Golden Ghetto: The American Commercial Community at Canton and the Shaping of American China Policy, 1784–1844. Bethlehem: Lehigh University, 1997.

13 Forster, John Reinhold (tr.). A Voyage to China and the East Indies, by Peter Osbeck. Together with a Voyage to Suratte, by Olof Torren, and An Account of Chinese Husbandry, by Captain Charles Gustavus Eckeberg. 2 vols. London: Benjamin White, 1771.

14 [Daoguang] Guangdong tongzhi [道光] 廣東通志 [Daoguang edition of the Gazetteer of Guangdong], ed. by Ruan Yuan 阮元 and Chen Changqi 陳昌齊. Beijing: Shangwu, 1934.

15 Guo, Fuxiang 郭福祥. “Qianlong shiqi gong ting shen biao shou zhuan kao shu, 1736–1795” 乾隆時期宮廷鐘錶收藏考述, 1736–1795 [Investigation of the Imperial Collection of Timepieces during the Qianlong Reign, 1736–1795], Gugong xuekan 7 (2011), 225–252

16 Hirth, Friedrich. “The Hoppo-Book of 1753”, Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, N.S. 17 (1882), 221–235.

17 Huang, Guosheng 黄國盛. Yapian Zhanzheng qianqi de dongnan sisheng haiguan 鴉片戰爭 前的東南四省海關 [The Customs in China's Four South-Eastern Provinces Before the Opium Wars]. Fujian: Fujian renmin, 2000.

18 Hummel, Arthur W. (ed.). Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. 2 vols. Washington D.C.: US Government Printing Office, 1943.

19 Jörg, Christiaan J. A. The Geldermalsen: History and Porcelain. Groningen: Kemper, 1986.

20 Lam, Peter Y. K. [Lin, Yeqiang 林業強]. “Tang Ying, 1682–1756: The Imperial Factory Superintendent at Jingdezhen”. Transactions of the Oriental Ceramic Society 63 (2000), 65–82.

21 Ljungstedt, Andrew. An Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements in China. Boston: Munroe, 1836.

22 Morse, Hosea Ballou. The Chronicles of the East India Company Trading to China (1635–1834). 5 vols. Cambridge: Harvard University, 1926.

23 NAH = National Archives, The Hague: Canton 203, report dated 1750.08.12, Canton 207, report dated 1752.02.24, Canton 316, letter dated 1750.12.28, VOC 8718 dagregister, VOC 8721, letters dated 1750.11.02 and 1750.11.12

24 QDGY = Qingdai guanyuan lili dang'an quanbian 清代官員履歷檔案全編 [Biographical Records of Qing Officials]. 30 vols. Reproduced from handwritten originals. Shanghai: Huadong shifan daxue, 1997.

25 RAC = Rigsarkivet (National Archives), Copenhagen: Ask 1129, Ask 893–894

26 Schottenhammer, Angela. Trading Networks in Early Modern East Asia. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.

27 SLLG = Shuli liang Guang zongdu Qing Fu, cheng shuli haiguan Zhu Shuquan baoshou shumu qingdan Qianlong qi nian ba yue chu shi ri 署理兩廣總督慶復, 呈署理海關朱叔權 報收數目清單, 乾隆七年八月初十日.

28 Van Dyke, Paul A. “Port Canton and the Pearl River Delta, 1690–1845”. PhD diss., University of Southern California, 2002.

29 Van Dyke, Paul A. The Canton Trade: Life and Enterprise on the China Coast. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University, 2005 [Rpt. 2007].

30 Van Dyke, Paul A. Merchants of Canton and Macao: Politics and Strategies in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Trade. Vol. 1. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University, 2011.

31 Van Dyke, Paul A. (ed.). Americans and Macao: Trade, Smuggling, and Diplomacy on the South China Coast. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University, 2012. [Van Dyke 2012 (1)].

32 Van Dyke, Paul A. “Smuggling Networks of the Pearl River Delta before 1842: Implications for Macau and the American China Trade” / Van Dyke 2012 (1), 49–72. [Van Dyke 2012 (2)]

33 Van Dyke, Paul A. Merchants of Canton and Macao: Success and Failure in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Trade. Vol. 2. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University, 2016.

34 Van Dyke, Paul A. ‘The Canton Linguists in the 1730s: Managers of the Margins of Trade’. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong 57 (2017), 1–29.

35 Wang, Shixiang 王世襄. “Qingdai ciyi mingjia Tang Ying shidiao xiang” 清代瓷藝名家唐 英石雕像 [Engraved Stone Figurine of Porcelain Master Tang Ying in Qing Dynasty], Shoucangjia 收藏家 12 (1995), 22–23.

36 White, Ann Bolbach. “The Hong Merchants of Canton”. PhD diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1967.

37 Xiong, Guiqi 熊貴奇 “Several Problems in the Research and Study of Tang Ying Porcelain”. Master's Thesis, College of Ceramic and Art, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, 2012.

38 Yue haiguan zhi 粵海關志 [Gazetteer of Guangdong Maritime Customs], ed. by Liang Tingnan 梁廷枏 and Yuan Zhongren 袁鍾仁 30 vols. 1839 [Reprint:] Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin, 2002.

39 Zhang Deshan 張德山. Dutaoguan Tang Ying 督陶官唐英 [Director of Porcelain Tang Ying]. Beijing: Zhongguo shehui, 2007.

40 Zhang, Faying 張發穎 (ed.). Tang Ying quanji 唐英全集 [Tan Ying Complete Collection]. Beijing: Xueyuan, 2008.

41 Zhang, Faying 張發穎 (ed.). Tang Ying dutao wendang 唐英督陶文檔 [Documents from the Director of Porcelain Tang Ying]. Beijing: Xueyuan, 2012.

42 Zhang, Faying 張德山 and Diao, Yunzhan 刁雲展 (ed.). Tang Ying ji 唐英集 [The Tang Ying Collection]. Liaoning: Liaoshen shushe, 2014.

43 Zhao, Gang [趙岡]. The Qing Opening to the Ocean: Chinese Maritime Policies, 1684–1757. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, 2013.

44 Zheng, Yangwen [鄭揚文]. China on the Sea: How the Maritime World Shaped Modern China. Leiden: Brill, 2012.