Due to the strongly patriarchical social tradition of the Mongols, Mongolian women in general were considered to be of lower status than their male counterparts. However, during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) the laws applied in Mongolia provided a substantial number of special protections for women. Women were granted special property rights and special laws to regulate human trafficking and spousal abuse. However, due to the pluralistic nature of the Mongolian judicial system during the Qing dynastic rule, court cases regarding women were not always consistent with the written laws. Using archival documents kept at the National Archive of the History of Mongolia and the National Library of Mongolia, along with other published sources, this article examines how the courts in Mongolia tended to favor traditional Mongolian laws over the Qing laws, which were even more patriarchic in nature. Based on these sources, this paper reconsiders Mongolian women’s legal status during Qing times.