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Australian Female Volunteerism in Modern Korea (1889–1941): An Enlightenment Campaign


Pages 145 - 170

DOI https://doi.org/10.13173/jasiahist.51.1.0145




1 Anonymous articles published in Australian newspapers:

2 1. The Argus (Melbourne Daily News)

3 14.12.1921, “Mission Work in Korea: Garden Fete at Scotch College”, online: trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/4620774.

4 19.12.1934, “Obituary: The Rev. J. G. Davies”, online: trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11001938.

5 16.03.1938, “Help For P.W.M.U.”, online: trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/11173733.

6 2. Ballarat Courier (Ballarat, Victoria)

7 11.09.1935, “PWMU Minutes”.

8 3. The Chronicle of the Presbyterian Women's Missionary Union of Victoria (Presbyterian Church of Victoria)

9 Nov. 1906, 2, “Notices from the Foreign Secretary”.

10 Dec. 1906, 4, “Notices from the Foreign Secretary”.

11 Dec. 1906, 5, “Notices from the Foreign Secretary”.

12 Feb. 1907, 5, “Notices from the Foreign Secretary”.

13 Feb. 1907, 4, “Report of Old Fusan Station”.

14 Feb. 1907, 9, “Annual Report of Chinju Mission Station”.

15 March 1907, 2–3, “Miss Niven's Report”.

16 April 1907, 3, “Christmas Day in Fusan”.

17 April 1907, 3–4, “Letter from Miss Menzies”.

18 May 1907, 2–3, “Letter from Miss Brown, Fusan”.

19 May 1907, 3–4, “Extracts from Miss Scholes's Letter from Choryang, Korea, 8th March, 1907”.

20 July 1907, 1–2, „Notes from the Foreign Secretary: Letter from Miss Kelly”.

21 Oct. 1907, 2–3, “Notes from the Foreign Secretary: Letter from Miss Menzies, Fusan, 16/7/1907”.

22 May 1908, 8–9, “Notes from Foreign Secretary: Miss Moore, write from Fusan, Korea, Feb. 24, 1908”

23 Dec. 1909, 2–3, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Niven writes from Fusanchin, Korea, September 25th”.

24 Dec. 1909, 8–9, “The ‘Myoora’ Fete”.

25 Feb. 1910, 2–4, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Scholes from Chinju, Korea, 30th October”.

26 Feb. 1912, 3–4, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Alexander writes from Fusanchin, November, 1912”.

27 May 1912, 3, “Our Missionary Mail Bag: Miss McPhee writes from Fusanchin, January 27th”.

28 Feb. 1914, 4–5, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Campbell writes from Chinju, October 31”.

29 May 1915, 4–5, “Our Missionary Mail Bag: Miss Napier writes from Masanpo, February 9th”.

30 May 1915, 5, “Our Missionary Mail Bag: Miss Ebery writes from Kuchang, Korea, 17th February”

31 Aug. 1916, 3–5, “Our Missionary Mail Bag: A letter from Maymoury Suh to Essendon S. S.”.

32 May 1917, 4–7, “Our Missionary Mail Bag: Miss Skinner writes from Masampo, February 14”.

33 Dec. 1917, 3–7, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Davies writes from Fusanchin, September 6th”, 1917”.

34 April 1918, 3–6, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Laing writes from Chinju, 3rd January, 1918”.

35 May 1918, 3–5, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Scott writes from Masampo, February 8th, 1918”.

36 Sept. 1918, 3–5, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Alexander writes from Tongyeng, 22nd June”.

37 Sept. 1918, 6–7, “Welcome and Farewell”.

38 June, 1939, 3, “Our Missionary Mailbag: Miss Elsie T. Edgard writes from Chunju, April 12th, 1939”.

39 4. The Korea Mission Field (Federal Council of Protestant Evangelical Missions in Korea)

40 Dec. 1907, 177–178, “A Symposium: The Greatest Need of Korea's Women”.

41 Anderson, C. B: “PWMU Chronicle”, Chronicle, May 1908, 7–8.

42 Boyd, Robin: “[Book Review:] A Century of Influence: the Australian Student Christian Movement, 1896–1996, by Renate Howe”, International Bulletin of Missionary Research 34:1 (2010), 57–58 [online: journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/239693931003400123].

43 Bryce, Quentin: “Lunch with the Australian and Korean Business Community”, online: www.gg.gov.au/printpdf/speech/lunch-australian-and-korean-business-community, 26/02/2013, approached on 21/07/2015.

44 Busan nohoe 부산노회 [Busan Synod of Korean Presbyterian Church]: Busan bogeum-ui jeung'in-deul 부산 복음의 증인들 [Witnesses of Busan Christianity]. Busan: Hanguk jangro gyohoe 한국장로교회, Busan nohoe, 2010.

45 Dongnae hagweon 동래학원 [Dongnae Academy] (ed.): “Dongnae hagweon 100 nyeonsa” 동래학원 100 년사 [Dongnae Academy 100 years]. Busan: Sejong munhwa 세종문화 [Sejong Culture], 1995.

46 Engel, Frank G: Christian in Australia, Vol. 1: Conflict and Unity, 1788–1926. Melbourne: Joint Board of Christian Education, 1984.

47 Garnsey, David / Holmes, Margaret (eds.): Other Men Laboured: Fifty Years with the Student Christian Movement in Australia 1896–1946. Melbourne: Australian Student Christian Movement, 1946.

48 Geochang gyohoe 거창교회 [Geochang Church] (eds.): Geochang 100 nyeonsa 거창 100 년사 [The History of Geochung for 100 Years]. Geochang: Geochang gyohoesa wiwyeonhoi 거창교회사 위원회 [Geochang Church History Committee], 2013.

49 Gosling, Andrew: “Jessie McLaren: An Australian in Korea: Andrew Gosling Describes the Background to the Library's McLaren-Human Collection”, National Library of Australian News 17:11 (2007), 11–14 [online: http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/131760/20120120-0944/www.nla.gov.au/pub/nlanews/2007/aug07/story-3.pdf].

50 Gosling, Andrew: Jessie's Korea: Guide to the McLaren-Human Collection in the National Library of Australia. Canberra, National Library of Australia, 2007 [online: www.nla.gov.au/sites/default/files/mclarenguide-final17-10-wholedoc.pdf].

51 Harder, Ben: “The Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions and Its Contribution to Overall Missionary Service”, Christian Higher Education 10 (2011): 140–154.

52 Hopkins, Charles Howard: John Mott 1865–1955: A Biography. Geneva: World Council of Churches, 1979.

53 Howe, Renate: “The Australian Student Christian Movement and Women's Activism in the Asia-Pacific Region, 1890s–1920s”, Australian Feminist Studies 16:36 (2001), 311–323 [online: core.ac.uk/download/pdf/13963258.pdf].

54 Jeong Byeongjun [Chung, Byung-Joon] 정병준: “Ibunbeob-eul neom'eoseo: Hojujangrogyo seongyosa-dul-ui tungjeonjeog seongyo'ihae'oa Hanguk” 이분법을 넘어서: 호주장로교 선교사들의 통전적 선교이해와 한국선교에 대한 공헌, 1889~1942 [Beyond Dichotomy: Holistic Mission of Australian Presbyterian Church Missionaries and Their Impact of Korea Mission, 1889–1942], Hanguk gidokjyo yeoksa yeon'guso sosik 한국기독교 역사연구소 소식 [News Letters of the Institute of the History of Christianity in Korea], 70 (2005), 3–28.

55 Jeong Byeongjun [Chung, Byung-Joon] 정병준: “Hoju Gidok haksaeng undong-ui baljeon-gwa Hanguk seon'gyo, 1889–1942” 호주 기독 학생 운동의 발전과 한국 선교, 1889~1942 [Australian Student Christian Movement and Korean Mission, 1889–1942], Han'guk Gidokgyo-wa yeoksa 한국 기독교와 역사 [Christianity and History in Korea] 24 (2006), 197–239.

56 Jeong Gapsaeng 정갑생 Chungmu gyohoe 100 nyeon sa 충무교회 100 년사 [A 100 Years History of Chung-mu Church]. Tong'yeong: Sallom 살롬 [Salome], 2008.

57 Jeong Haesong 정해송: Saelo sseun Hanguk gyohoesa 새로 쓴 한국 교회사 [History of Korean Church]. Seoul: Mimoon Communication, 2010

58 Jeong Weonyong [Chung, Wonyong] 정원용 Yi Nami [Lee, Na Mi] 이나미 Yi Buyeong [Rhi, Bou Yong] 이부영: “Seoyang jeongsin ui-hag-ui do'ib-gwa geu byeoncheon gwajeong (2): Ilje gangjeomgi-ui jeongsinuihak gyoyuk” 서양정신의학의 도입과 그 변천과정 (2) 일제 강점기의 정신의학 교육 (1910–1945) [The Introduction of Western Psychiatry into Korea (II): Psychiatric Education in Korea during the Forced Japanese Annexation of Korea (1910–1945)], Euisahak 의사학 [Korean Journal of Medical History] 15:2 (2006), 157–187 [online: medhist.or.kr/upload/pdf/kjmh-15-2-157.pdf].

59 Jo Hun'guk [Cho, Hunkuk] 조훈국: “Jinju-e jeonhaejin bog'eum” 진주에 전해진 복음 [The Gospel reached in Chunju]. Busan: Moteu dija'in 모트디자인 [Design Mot], 2015.

60 Jo Sangyeol [Chio, Sang Leal] 조상열: “Adeo Pi'eoseon-gwa Holeiseu Eondeo'udeu: geudeul-ui mannam-gwa hyeoblyeog-gwa yusan” 아더 피어선과 호레이스 언더우드—그들의 만남과 협력과 유산 [Arthur T. Pierson and Horace G. Underwood: Their Contacts, Cooperations, and Legacy], Bogeum-gwa sinhak 복음과신학 [Gospel and Theology] 13 (2011), 140–168.

61 Ju Chaegeun [Chio, Chae Kŏn] 조채근: “Gidoggyo seon'gyosa-deul-eul wihan gyoyuk jeongchaeg-ui byeonhwa” 기독교 선교사들을 위한 교육정책의 변화 [The Change of the Education Policy for Christian Missionaries], Yeogsa sinhak yeon'gu 역사신학연구 [Studies in Historical Theology] 15 (2008), 83–143.

62 Kamsler, Brigette C: “Finding Aid for Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions Records, 1893–1946”, The Burke Library Archives, Columbia University Libraries, Union Theological Seminary, New York, Missionary Research Library Archives: Section 12 (2012) [online: library.columbia.edu/content/dam/libraryweb/locations/burke/fa/mrl/ldpd_4492679.pdf].

63 Kerr, Edith A: “Miss Kelly writes from Chinju, Korea, July 31st, 1909”, Chronicle, Oct. 1909.

64 Kerr, Edith A: “Regenerating Rural Korea”, Korea Mission Field, April, 1921, 67.

65 Kerr, Edith A: The Australian Presbyterian Mission in Korea 1889–1941. Melbourne: Australian Presbyterian Board of Missions, 1970.

66 Kim Seungtae [Kim, Sung Tae] 김승태: “Ilje jangjeomgi jikmink weonreok-kwa hanguk kyohoe” 일제강점기 식민권력과 한국교회 [Colonial Authorities under Japan and Korean Church], Gidokkyo sasang 기독교 사상 [Christian Thoughts] 650 (2013), 36–44.

67 Kim Seungtae [Kim, Sung Tae] 김승태 / Pak Hyejin [Park Hae Jin] 박혜진. Nae Han seon'gyosa chonglam, 1884–1984 내한 선교사 총람, 1884–1984 [Comprehensive Survey of Foreign Missionaries in Korea, 1884–1984]. Seoul: Hanguk Gidokgyo yeoksa yeon'guso 한국 기독교 역사 연구소 [Institute of the History of Christianity in Korea], 1994.

68 Kwon, Nami: “Reflections of the Australian Missionaries and Their Descendants: Remembering 120 Years of Australian Missionaries to Korea”, online: christianreview.com.au/sub_read.html?uid=963&section=sc10, 2010/10/28, approached on 20/07/2015.

69 Lee, Sang-Gyoo [Yi Sanggyu]: To Korea with Love: Australian Presbyterian Mission Work in Korea 1889–1941. Melbourne: Presbyterian Church of Victoria, 2009.

70 Miller, J. Graham: “John Gibson Paton (1824–1907)”, in: Australian Dictionary of Evangelical Biography, ed. by Brian Dickey (Sydney: Evangelical History Assocication, 1994) [online: http://webjournals.ac.edu.au/ojs/index.php/ADEB/article/view/898/895, approached on 23/07/2015].

71 Mott, John R: The Evangelisation of the World in This Generation. New York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, 1900.

72 Mott, John R: “The Need of a Forward Movement”, in Australasia and the World's Evangelisation: Addresses Delivered at the Student Conferences on Home and Foreign Missions, Melbourne, Australia, April 10–12, 1903, and Christchurch, New Zealand, May 2 and 3, 1903 (Sydney: Australasian Student Christian Union, 1903), 109–117.

73 Munchang gyohoe wiweonhoe 문창 교회 위원회 [Moonchang Presbyterian Church Committee] (ed.): Munchang gyohoe 100 nyeon sa 문창 교회 100 년사 [100 Years of History of Moonchang Presbyterian Church in Masan]. Seoul: Hanguk Jangrog yohoi 한국 장로 교회 [Korea Presbyterian Church], 2001.

74 No Yeongsuk [Noh, Young Sook] 노영숙: “Chogi seongyosa-deul-ui Gidokgyo gyoyuk-gwan-gwa i sidae gidokgyo hakgyo gyoyug-ui milaejeok dae'an: Busan, Gyeongnam jibang-ui Gidokgyo hakgyo jungsim-eulo” 초기 선교사들의 기독교 교육관과 이 시대 기독교학교 교육의 미래적 대안—부산,경남지방의 기독교 학교 중심으로 [Early Missionaries' Christian Education and Suggestions for Christian School's Education for Today], Jonggyo yeon'gu 종교연구 [Studies in Religion] 65 (2011), 213–246.

75 Pak Hyejin [Park Hae Jin] 박혜진: “Seo'ul jiyeok Mi Buk-Jangrohoe seongyobu-ui gyoyuk sa'eop cheolsu-wa hakkyo ingye yon'gu: Kyeongsin hakkyo-wa Jeongsin yeohakkyo-reul jungsim-euro” 서울지역 미 북장로회선교부의 교육사업 철수와 학교 인계 연구: 경신학교와 정신여학교를 중심으로 [The Withdrawal of Educational Ministry of the Northern Presbyterian Church USA from Seoul and the Transfer of Schools: Focused on Kyungsin School and Jungshin Girl's School], Hanguk gidokkyo-wa yeoksa 32 (2010), 153–193.

76 Pak Sangjin [Park, Sang-Jin] 박상진: “Chogi Hanguk gyohoe-ui hakkyo seollib-gwa jiweon cheje yeon'gu” 초기 한국교회의 학교설립과 지원체제 연구 [A Study on the Establishment and Support of Christian Schools by Korean Churches in the Early History of Korean Christianity], Jangsin nondan 장신논단 [Korea Presbyterian Journal of Theology] 43 (2011), 336–359.

77 Pak Yeonho [Park, Youn-Ho] 박연호 / Son Sehui [Se-Hee Son] 손세희: “Seongyosa-deul-ui gyoyuk sa'eop gyehoeg-gwa silcheon” 선교사들의 교육 사업 계획과 실천, 1884~1906 [The Educational Projects and Practices by Protestant Missionaries in Korea, 1884~1906], Gyoyuk sahak yeon'gu 교육사학연구 [History of Education] 21:1 (2011), 65–96.

78 Paton, Frank Hume Lyall: “Letter to Student Volunteers”, The Australian Intercollegian 19 (June, 1916), 99.

79 Paton, Frank Hume Lyall: Korea After Ten Years. Melbourne: Foreign Missionary Committee, 1921.

80 Perry, Jean: Chilgoopie the Glad: A Story of Korea and Her Children. London: Partridge, 1906.

81 Perry, Jean: Twenty Years a Korea Missionary. London: Partridge, 1911.

82 Ryu Daeyeong 류대영: “Yeoljeong-gwa jeolje sa'i-eseo: miji-ui yeoksajeok jigyeong tamheomhagi” 열정과 절제 사이에서: 미지(未知)의 역사적 지경(地境) 탐험하기 [Between Passion and Self-Control: Experience of the Historical Land of Mystery], (Review of: Jeong Byeongjun 정병준. Hoju Jangrohoe seon'gyosa-deul-ui sinhaksasang-gwa Hanguk seon'gyo, 1889–1942 호주장로회 선교사들의 신학사상과 한국선교, 1889~1942 [Theological Philosophy of Australian Presbyterian Missionaries and Korea Mission, 1889–1942]), Hanguk gidokkyo-wa yeoksa 27 (2007), 249–255.

83 Shapley, Maggie: “Korean Missionaries Bessie Moore, Belle Menzies, and Agnes Brown”, Australian Women's History Forum 2015, 1–3.

84 Tyrrell, Ian: “The Missionary Impulse”, in his: Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire (Princeton: Princeton University, 2010), 49–73.

85 Yi Deokju [Rhie, Deok-Joo] 이덕주: “Aengel (G. Engel)-ui seon'gyosa yeokkwa sinhan sasang” 앵겔 (G. Engel) 의 선교사역과 신학사상 [Mission Works and Theological Thoughts of G. Engel, a Pioneer Missionary of the Australian Presbyterian Church in Korea], Hanguk gidokkyo-wa yeoksa 32 (2010), 83–125.

86 Yi Jeongsun [Lee, Chung Soon] 이정순: “Hanguk-e on seoyang yeoseongseon'gyosa-deul (1886–1955)-ui salm-gwa sayeog-e kwanhan gochal” 한국에 온 서양 여성선교사들 (1886–1955) 의 삶과 사역에 관한 고찰 [A Study on the Lives and Work of Western Women Missionaries in Korea (1886–1955): Focusing on the Presbyterian Church America, the Australian Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Church (USA) and the Presbyterian Church in Canada], Bogeum-gwa seongyo 복음과 선교 [Gospel and Mission: Journal of Korea Evangelical Missiological Society] 18 (2012), 47–76.

87 Yi Jeongsun [Lee, Chung Soon] 이정순 / Jo Yunheui [Cho, Yoon Hee] 조윤희, Go Jisuk [Ko, Ji Sook] 고지숙 and Gim Jeong'ae [Kim, Jung Ae] 김정애: “Yeonse ganho-reul taedong sikin oeguk seongyosa-deul” 연세간호를 태동 시킨 외국 선교사들 [Foreign Nurse Missionaries Starting Yonsei Nursing School]”, Hanguk kanho gyoyukhak hoeji 한국 간호 교육학 회지 [Korean Journal of Nursing Education] 17:1 (2011), 44–51.

88 Yi Sanggyu [Lee, Sang Gyoo] 이상규: “Busan jibang Gidokgyo jeonlaesa (1880–1900)” 부산지방 기독교 전래사 (1880~1900) [Folk History of Busan Christianity], Han'guk Gidokgyo-wa yeoksa 3 (1994), 145–177.

89 Yi Sanggyu [Lee, Sang Gyoo] 이상규: “Hoju-e cheo'eum Hanguk haksaeng-eun nugu il'kka” 호주에 처음 온 한국학생은 누구일까? [Who Were the First Korean Students in Australia?], Bugyeong gyohoisa yeon'gu 부∙경 교회사연구 [Bu-Kyoung Studies of Church History] 34 (2010), 49–50.

90 Yi Sanggyu [Lee, Sang Gyoo] 이상규: “Hoju Zhangro'gyohoe-ui uiryo seongyo?: Baedon byeongweon-eul jungsim-euro” 호주장로교회의 의료선교?: 배돈병원을 중심으로 [A Historical Sketch of the Medical Work of the Australian Presbyterian Mission in Korea], Yeonse uisahak 연세의사학 [Yonsei Medical History] 14:2 (2011), 37–53.

91 Yi Seongjeon [Lee, Sung Jeon] 이성전: “Seon'gyosa-wa Ilje-ha Joseon-ui gyoyuk” 선교사와 일제하 조선의 교육 [Missionaries and Education of the Colonial Joseon], Han'guk Gidokgyo-wa yeoksa 3 (1994), 178–211.

92 Yi Yunmi [Lee, Yoon Mi] 이윤미: “Sikminji chogi yoseong seon'gyosa-ui gyoyuk hwaldong” 식민지 초기 여성선교사의 교육 활동 [Women Missionaries and Their Work on Korean Women's Education during the Colonial Period], Hanguk gyoyuk sahak 한국교육사학 [Korean History of Education] 29:2 (2007), 87–118.

93 Yi Yunmi [Lee, Yoon Mi] 이윤미: “Sikminji sigi Hoju seon'gyosa-ui gyoyuk hwaldong: Hoju Jangrohoe seon'gyobu jaryo-reul jungsim-euro” 식민지시기 호주 선교사의 교육활동: 호주 장로회 선교부 자료를 중심으로 [The Educational Activities of the Australian Missionaries in the Colonial Era: Based on the Sources of the Australian Presbyterian Church Mission], Hanguk gyoyuk sahak, 35:1 (2013), 265–291.

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